Occluded venous outflow of a left radio-cephalic arterio-venous fistula for hemodialysis led to an ulcer ... read more ↘ due to venous hypertension. Successfully treated percutaneously by balloon angioplasty. Duplex evaluation was repeatedly omitted by three vascular surgeons in favor of CTA, as they diagnosed the case by first impression as a central venous stenosis. Duplex vascular ultrasound is an invaluable tool in the hands of the vascular specialist and can add real time diagnostic information that other static modalities cannot. ↖ read less
